Hoongi Kim

In the 1960s, the group led by Bonghan Kim asserted the existence of a fundamental circulatory system in the human body which was structurally and functionally distinct from the blood, lymphatic, and nervous systems. Their findings were published in five papers as well as in the newspaper Rodong Sinmun. The size of the group, the range of equipment, and their findings expanded gradually, and the final paper on blood cells would be only published one of over sixty papers reported at that time. In the five papers, some unclear or inconsistent content was found. Meanwhile, over the past two decades in the 2000s, PVS researchers have published over one hundred papers which aimed to prove the existence of this new circulatory system by developing new dyeing and microscopic observation methods. Some trends have emerged in approximately sixty papers, which can be summarized as follows: The research on the identification of the anatomical and histological characteristics has gradually expanded to encompass the system's own functioning. Also, new visual results (e.g. before and after dyeing, and its comparison with blood clotting) and the exploration of possible medical applications (e.g. cancer metastasis channels or stem cells location) have been proposed. However, it is difficult to identify papers which comprehensively represent the structural and functional elements claimed by Bonghan Kim's group. In addition, relevant papers have been published to a greater extent in alternative or Oriental medicine journals than in Western biology or medical journals. Therefore, it seems necessary to demonstrate more existence of the system in one laboratory animal, and to report the outcomes in more influential journals.